TRANSPIRATION IN PLANTS AND ITS PROCESS

Transpiration 

The pneumatic parts of plants, water comes out as vapor, this action is called transpiration.Transpiration is mainly done by the foliage.

Structure of foliage: Foliage is more on lower surface of leaves and less number of foliage on upper surface. The number of stomata can be 1000 - 60000 per square cm. Each foliage is made up of two bean-shaped seed cells, which have supporting cells around them, green cells are found in the door cells.

Process of transpiration

During the day, sugar is produced in the door cells, due to which the diffusion pressure decreases in the door cells, thus causing tension in the inner surface of the door cells. As a result the foliage opens, the glucose level in the cells decreases during the night. Which would have diluted the door cells. As a result the pores stop. At the time of opening of the foliage, water evaporates out of the foliage, which is called evaporation.

Factors affecting transpiration

Heat

Light

Humidity

Wind speed

Number and distribution of stomata

Percentage of open stomata

Water present in the plant

Transpiration and photosynthesis

• Evaporates stretch for water absorption and transport in plants.
• Photosynthesis: Evaporation helps in the maintenance of water required for it.
• Transport the minerals obtained from the soil to all parts of the plant.
• Keeps the leaf surface cold by 10-15 degrees by evaporation.
• Keeping the cells intact, it controls the shape and texture of the plants.
• Therefore, transpiration is a process necessary for photosynthesis.

Capture and transmission of mineral nutrients

Plants derive carbon and oxygen from CO2 available in the atmosphere, while hydrogen and other salts are obtained from soil and water.

Phloem transport

Flow from the origin to the sink is the transport of organic food produced in leaves through phloem. The parts of the plant that synthesize food are called sources. And where there is accumulation of food, it is called kund, the source and kund are kept changing in the plant. These substances are transferred by phloem from the source to the tank, if food is required in any organ. So the phloem reaches that part from the reservoir, so the transport by phloem is directional.

Pressure flow or mass flow hypothesis

This hypothesis was formulated by Munch in 1930, according to which the transfer of food items is in accordance with the concentration gradient from phloem to the organs of use. During photosynthesis, the substance produced in the leaves turns into sugars, which increases the concentration of the solution and increases the osmotic pressure. The solution from the cells of the leaves reaches the root via phloem sieve tubes located in the stem, where some of the food is spent in respiration, the rest gets accumulated in the plant.