STRUCTURE & FUNCTION OF KIDNEY

 

Structure Of Kidney

         Kidney  is an important part of human body. Kidney failure can also lead to some serious illness or death. It is appropriate to compare this with a supercomputer because the structure of the kidney is very strange and its functions are extremely complex. They have two major functions - to remove harmful waste products and toxic wastes from the body and water, fluids, minerals (electrolytes) in the body. In the form of sodium, potassium etc.

          Kidney cleanses the blood of the body and makes urine. The process of urinating from the body is done by the ureter, urinary bladder and urethra.There are usually two kidneys in the body of both men and women.The kidney is safely located inside the abdomen, in the back, on both sides of the spine (in the back), the chest ribs safely.

         Kidneys are located in the inner part of the stomach, so that they are not normally felt from outside.Kidneys are a pair of organs of kidney beans. In adults, a kidney is 10 cm long, 6 cm wide and 4 cm thick. Each kidney weighs about 150 - 170 grams.The tube that carries urine made by the kidneys to the bladder is called ureter. It is usually 25 cm in length and is made up of a special type of flexible muscle.The bladder is a muscle sac located in the front of the lower abdomen (in the pelvis), in which urine is stored. An adult person's bladder may collect 400 - 500 ml of urine. Urination comes out of the body through the ureter.

Need  and importance of kidney

         The type and quantity of food taken by each person changes every day. Due to the variety of diet, the amount of water in the body, the amount of acidic and alkaline substances are constantly changing.Many unnecessary substances are produced in the body during the digestion of the diet.If the balance of water, acid, alkali and other chemicals in the body and the substances emitted inside the body deteriorates or increases, it can be fatal for a person.

        Kidney purifies the blood by removing unnecessary substances and substances in the body by urinating and balances the alkali and acid in the body and maintains the proper amount in the blood. In this way, the kidneys keep the body clean and healthy.

Main functions of kidney

1. Blood purification:

Kidney is continuously employed and excretes unnecessary toxic substances formed in the body through urine.

2. Discharge of waste products:

The most important function of the kidney is to purify the blood by removing waste products. The food we take contains protein. This protein is necessary for keeping the body healthy and for the development of the body. Protein is used by the body but in this process some waste material is produced. The accumulation of these waste materials is similar to maintaining poison inside our body. Our kidneys filter and purify toxic waste products from the blood. These toxins eventually dissolve by urination.

Creatinine and urea are two important waste products. Observations of their volume in the blood indicate kidney function. When both kidneys are impaired, the amount of creatinine and urea are elevated to a higher level in the blood test.

3. Balance of water in the body:

 Kidney excretes excess accumulated water through urine, keeping the amount of water required for the body.When the kidneys go bad, they lose the ability to exclude this excess water from the body, causing the body to swell due to the accumulation of excess water.

4. Balance of acid and alkali:

Kidney works by maintaining the quantity of sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, phosphorus, bicarbonate, etc. in the body. The above substances are responsible for the amount of acid and alkali in the body. Increasing or decreasing the amount of sodium can have serious effects on the brain and heart and muscle activity by increasing or decreasing the amount of potassium.Keeping calcium and phosphorus appropriate and keeping their levels normal is essential for healthy bones and healthy teeth in our body.

5. Blood pressure control:

Kidney makes many hormones such as angiotensin,Aldosterone, prostaglandin etc. With the help of these hormones, the body maintains a balance of water, acids and alkalis. With the help of this balance, the kidney works to maintain normal blood pressure in the body. In case of kidney failure, the production of hormones and disturbances in salt and water balance leads to high blood pressure.

6. Help in the production of blood particles:

    Red blood present in the blood is produced in the bone marrow with the help of erythropoietin. Erythropoietin is formed in the kidney, in the event of kidney failure, this substance stops producing little or no at all, which reduces the production of red blood cells and causes blood fade, which is called anemia (anemia). it is said.

7. Strengthening bones

    To maintain healthy bones, the kidney converts vitamin D into an active form, which is essential for the absorption of calcium from food, growth of bones and teeth, and to keep bones strong and healthy.

How does urine form in the kidneys after purification of blood

• Kidney excretes unnecessary substances through urine by placing essential substances. It is a unique, unique and complex process.  In both the kidneys of the body, 1200 milliliters per minute of blood comes to clean, which is equal to twenty percent of all the blood that the heart reaches in the body. In this way, an estimated 1700 liters of blood is purified in 24 hours.
• The smallest and granular unit of kidney, which performs the task of making urine after cleansing the blood, is called nephron, which is like a sieve.Each kidney contains one million nephrons. Each nephron has two main parts, the first glomerulus and the second tubules. 
• The main function of the kidney is to purify the blood and make urine in the body by balancing water and alkali.Glomerulus is a type of sieve. It has small holes with the characteristic of filtration. Water and small size substances easily sieve through it. But large size red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, proteins etc. cannot pass through these holes. Therefore these cells cannot be seen normally in the urine screening of healthy people.
• Glomerulus makes 125 liter liter effusion every minute and makes 180 liter urine in 24 hours in the first phase. This 180 liter urine also contains unnecessary substances, alkalis and poisonous substances. It also contains glucose and other substances useful for the body.
• The 180 liter urine produced in the glomerulus comes in the tubules, where 99 percent of it is absorbed by the fluid.
• Substance and water are taken back into the body. In just 1 to 2 liters of urine, the entire garbage and unnecessary base gets removed.
• In this way, after the process of cleansing done by a very complicated method in the kidney, urine passes through the ureter into the bladder and urine passes out from the body.